BMC Oral Health. 2019 Oct 11;19(1):218. doi: 10.1186/s12903-019-0909-z.
Folate-receptor 1 level in periodontal disease: a pilot study.
The
purpose of this study was to investigate gingival crevicular fluid
(GCF) and serum folate-receptor 1 (FOLR1) levels in subjects with
different periodontal status.
METHODS: The study consists of three groups: Healthy group (n = 15), gingivitis group (n = 15) and chronic periodontitis group (n = 15). Clinical periodontal parameters including probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (GI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were assessed. GCF and serum samples were collected from each patient and were analyzed FOLR1 levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: The values of FOLR1 in GCF were higher in gingivitis and periodontitis groups than among patient in control group (p < 0.016). Serum FOLR1 levels showed no significant difference between the groups. A significant correlation was observed between FOLR1 levels of GCF and BOP (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS:
Our preliminary data suggest that FOLR1 is not useful in monitoring the periodontal disease. Further studies are necessary to clarify the role, regulation and function of folate and it's receptors in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. KEYWORDS:
METHODS: The study consists of three groups: Healthy group (n = 15), gingivitis group (n = 15) and chronic periodontitis group (n = 15). Clinical periodontal parameters including probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (GI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were assessed. GCF and serum samples were collected from each patient and were analyzed FOLR1 levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: The values of FOLR1 in GCF were higher in gingivitis and periodontitis groups than among patient in control group (p < 0.016). Serum FOLR1 levels showed no significant difference between the groups. A significant correlation was observed between FOLR1 levels of GCF and BOP (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS:
Our preliminary data suggest that FOLR1 is not useful in monitoring the periodontal disease. Further studies are necessary to clarify the role, regulation and function of folate and it's receptors in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. KEYWORDS:
Folate-receptor 1; Gingivitis; Periodontitis PMID: 31604439 DOI:
- BackgroundPeriodontal disease is an inflammatory disorder affecting the tooth-supporting tissues which they consists of two types of tissues - epithelial and connective tissue. The tooth-supporting tissues includes the alveolar bone, the periodontal ligament, the cementum, and the gingiva.
(1) Gingivitis and (2) periodontitis are the two main periodontal diseases.
(1) Gingivitis is a form of periodontal disease in which gingival tissues are inflamed but their destruction is mild and reversible.
(2) Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory status may leading with irreversible changes, such as bone and teeth loss [1].
A variety of factors have been linked with the etiology of periodontitis [2]. Recent studies have suggested that there may also be an association between oral health status and nutritional status. Many nutritients, especially micronutrients contain various vitamins that they are required for oral health maintaining [3, 4].
FOOLIHAPPO ja FOOLIHAPPORESEPTORI FOLR1:
Folic acid (also known as folate) is a type of B vitamin which participate in one carbon metabolism. It is required for maintaining and production of new cells during development and healing of tissues, because of essential for protein synthesis and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) [5, 6]. Folate is transported into cells by different transport systems: The reduced folate carrier, low-affinity high-capacity uptake system and the folate receptors (FOLR), low-capacity high-affinity system.
Folate-receptor 1 (FOLR1), 38–40 kDa glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI-anchored glycoprotein, is a well-defined member of the folate receptor family. It mediates folate transportation through receptor-mediated endocytosis [7]. Although FOLR1 expression have been found mostly in epithelial cells, it is often limited in normal epithelial cells [8, 9]. Several studies have reported highly expressed in various tumors of epithelial origin, such as ovarian cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer and high-grade osteosarcoma [10,11,12,13,14].
According to hypothesis of researchers, FOLR1 might contribute to growth of tissue by modulating folate uptake from serum or generating regulatory signals [15, 16].
- GINGIV/A (Suomeksi: ien, ikenet; tandkött ( på svenska)
- PERIODONTIUM ( Suomeksi: hampaan juurikalvo)
-
Gingival epithelium (ienepiteeli) protects the underlying tissues and it is continuously altered by the inflammatory response in (2) periodontal (hampaan juurikalvon sairaus) disease [17].
The regulation of the epithelial barrier play crucial role in periodontal repair/regeneration [18].
In this study, it is theorized that FOLR1 could be important for establishing and maintaining in high cell turnover of epithelium. The constituents of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) can reflect the changes occurring in underlying epithelial tissue. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the FOLR1 levels in GCF and serum samples for healthy, gingivitis and chronic periodontitis participants. In addition, we also evaluated correlations between FOLR1 levels and clinical parameters. - Yhteenveto ylläolevasta tuoreesta tutkimuksesta, jossa selvitettiin foolihappoaineenvaihdunnan yhteyttä ikenien (gingiva) terveyteen ja hampaan kiinnityskudosten (periodontaalisten kudosten terveyteen . Ikenen epiteelin terveys on tärkeä, sillä se toimii esteenä, etteivät hampaan juurikalvon, periodontiumin suojelemat osat vaurioidu ja niissä pääse alkamaan tauti. Ikenen epiteeliesteen säätely on kriittisen tärkeä periodontaalisen osan uudistumisille ( regeneraatio) ja korjaantumisille (reparaatio) . Hammastasku-uurteen nesteestä ja myös seerumista määritettiin folaattireseptori1 (FOLR1):n pitoisuudet terveiltä, ientulehduspotilailta ja parodontiittipotilailta, koska haluttiin selvittää, onko ravintoaine folaatilla ja sen aineenvaihdunnalla yhteyttä tähän hammastulehdustautiin ja onko diagnostista hyötyä FOLR1:n seuraamisesta. . Ientaskunesteen kokoomuksesta voi heijastua epiteelikudoksen alla olevat muutokset. Ryhmien välillä ei ollut seerumin FOLR1-pitoisuuksissa merkittävää eroa, mutta tulehdustaudeissa FOLR1 oli kohonnut ientaskunesteessä. Korrelaatio oli merkitsevä ientaskutulehduksen (gingiviitti) ja ikenen verenvuotoalttiuden kesken. Jatkotutkimuksia tarvitaan selvittämään foolihapon ja sen reseptorin osuutta, säätymistä ja toimintaa periodontaalisten tautien patologiassa.
- Taustatiedossa mainittiin, että useat tutkimukset ovat osoittaneet, että FOLR1 ilmentyy vahvasti useissa epiteliaalisperäisissä tuumoreissa, kuten munasarjojen syöpä (Ca ovari), keuhkosyöpä (Ca pulm), rintasyöpä (Ca mamame) ja pahanlaatuinen osteosarkooma, [10,11,12,13,14].GOLR1 on GPI-ankkurin omaava glykoproteiini ja folaattireseptoriperheen jäsen.
- (Kommenttini: Voi kysyä: Onko huono hammastatus jotain syöpää edistävä vai onko jokin syöpä huonon hammaskunnon aiheuttaja. Onko syöpäpotilaita, joilla hampaat ovat prima hyvässä kunnossa?)
- Lähdetietoa ja kuva hampaasta ja ympäröivän kudoksen välisestä pinnasta ( interface)
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gingival_and_periodontal_pocket
- https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandk%C3%B6ttsficka
Latinalaisia sanoja ja suomalainen vastine:( vanhimmat suomalaiset termit 1928 aikaan)
Periodontitis = parodontitis, ( hampaanjuurikalvon tulehdus, infammation i tandrotshinna) - Periodontium , hampaanjuurikalvo (På svenska: rothinna)
- Gingivitis= gingiviitti ,( ientulehdus; inflammation i tandkött )
- Gingiva = ien,
- Gingival crevicle enl. ientaskurako, (kapea rako)
- Tasca gingivale (italialainen sana) , ientasku, tandköttsficka
Dens, hammas- (dentisti= hammaslääkäri)
Dens cariosus, mätähammas, karioottinen hammas - caries, hammasmätä , tandröta
Dens caninus, kulmahammas
Dens incisivus, etuhamams
Dens lacteus, maitohammas
Dens prarlactealis, esimaitohammas
Dens permanens, pysyvä hammas; "rautahammas" kansankielen sana.
Dens molaris ( Dens multicuspidatus), poskihammas, moninystyinen hammas
Dens praemolaris ( dens bicuspidatus) , välihammas, kaksinystyinen hammas
Dens sapientiae (Dens serotinus), viisaudenhammas, väkihammas
Dens supernumerarius, ylilukuinen hammas
Dental-, hammas-
Dentin, hammasluu, dentiini ( tandben); (Obs. leukaluu= käkben)
Dentition, hamamskerta; hampaiden puhkeaminen, dentitio
Dentitio difficilis, vaikea hampaansaanti
Dentitio prima, ensimmäinen hamamskerta
Dentitio secunda, toinen hammaskerta
Dentitio sertia, dentitio senilis; kolmas hamamskerta - Odontogen, hampaasta johtuva, hammassyntyinen
- Odontalgia, hamnansssärky, hampaankolotus
- Odontitis, hammastulehdus
- Odontolith, hammaskivi
- Odontoblast, hammasluun emäsolu
- Odontoklast, hammastasyövä solu
- Odontologia, hammastautioppi
- (Odontologen/Gbg, hammasklinikka)
- Odontom, hammasluukasvain
- Alveolar, hammaskuoppa
- Alveolar bone, alveolaarinen luu, leukalun hammaskuopan luuta)
- Alveolar periost, alveolaarinen periosti hammaskuoppakalvo
- Kt.s Dentistin Karies-oppikirjaa, viite .
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