Päivän geeni: PYK2 geenistä ja myös geeniä moduloivista tekijöistä

 https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=PTK2&keywords=PYK2

• Protein Tyrosine Kinase 2 ^{2 3 5}
• PPP1R71 ^{2 3 4 5}
• FAK1 ^{2 3 4 5}
• FAK ^{2 3 4 5}
• FADK ^{2 3 5}
• Protein Phosphatase 1 Regulatory Subunit 71 ^{3 4}
• Focal Adhesion Kinase-Related Nonkinase ^{3 4}
• PTK2 Protein Tyrosine Kinase 2 ^{2 3}
• Focal Adhesion Kinase 1 ^{3 4}

• EC 2.7.10.2 ^{4 48}
• Pp125FAK ^{3 4}
• P125FAK ^{3 4}
• FADK 1 ^{3 4}
• FRNK ^{3 4}
• Protein Phosphatase 1, Regulatory Subunit 71 ²
• FAK-Related Non-Kinase Polypeptide ³
• Protein-Tyrosine Kinase 2 ⁴
• EC 2.7.10 ⁴⁸

• This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase which is found concentrated in the focal adhesions that form between cells growing in the presence of extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents. The encoded protein is a member of the FAK subfamily of protein tyrosine kinases but lacks significant sequence similarity to kinases from other subfamilies. Activation of this gene may be an important early step in cell growth and intracellular signal transduction pathways triggered in response to certain neural peptides or to cell interactions with the extracellular matrix. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2017] GeneCards Summary for PTK2 Gene: PTK2 (Protein Tyrosine Kinase 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with PTK2 include Ovarian Cancer and Colorectal Cancer. Among its related pathways are Regulation of actin dynamics for phagocytic cup formation and Integrin Pathway. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups and protein tyrosine kinase activity. An important paralog of this gene is PTK2B. UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary for PTK2 Gene:  Non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinase that plays an essential role in regulating cell migration, adhesion, spreading, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, formation and disassembly of focal adhesions and cell protrusions, cell cycle progression, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Required for early embryonic development and placenta development. Required for embryonic angiogenesis, normal cardiomyocyte migration and proliferation, and normal heart development. Regulates axon growth and neuronal cell migration, axon branching and synapse formation; required for normal development of the nervous system. Plays a role in osteogenesis and differentiation of osteoblasts. Functions in integrin signal transduction, but also in signaling downstream of numerous growth factor receptors, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR), EPHA2, netrin receptors and LDL receptors. Forms multisubunit signaling complexes with SRC and SRC family members upon activation; this leads to the phosphorylation of additional tyrosine residues, creating binding sites for scaffold proteins, effectors and substrates. Regulates numerous signaling pathways. Promotes activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K) and the AKT1 signaling cascade. Promotes activation of MAPK1/ERK2, MAPK3/ERK1 and the MAP kinase signaling cascade. Promotes localized and transient activation of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), and thereby modulates the activity of Rho family GTPases. Signaling via CAS family members mediates activation of RAC1. Phosphorylates NEDD9 following integrin stimulation (PubMed:9360983). Recruits the ubiquitin ligase MDM2 to P53/TP53 in the nucleus, and thereby regulates P53/TP53 activity, P53/TP53 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Phosphorylates SRC; this increases SRC kinase activity. Phosphorylates ACTN1, ARHGEF7, GRB7, RET and WASL. Promotes phosphorylation of PXN and STAT1; most likely PXN and STAT1 are phosphorylated by a SRC family kinase that is recruited to autophosphorylated PTK2/FAK1, rather than by PTK2/FAK1 itself. Promotes phosphorylation of BCAR1; GIT2 and SHC1; this requires both SRC and PTK2/FAK1. Promotes phosphorylation of BMX and PIK3R1. Isoform 6 (FRNK) does not contain a kinase domain and inhibits PTK2/FAK1 phosphorylation and signaling. Its enhanced expression can attenuate the nuclear accumulation of LPXN and limit its ability to enhance serum response factor (SRF)-dependent gene transcription. ( FAK1_HUMAN,Q05397 )

[Isoform 6]: Isoform 6 (FRNK) does not contain a kinase domain and inhibits PTK2/FAK1 phosphorylation and signaling. Its enhanced expression can attenuate the nuclear accumulation of LPXN and limit its ability to enhance serum response factor (SRF)-dependent gene transcription. ( FAK1_HUMAN,Q05397 )

Protein attributes for PTK2 Gene

Three dimensional structure from PDB (representative) and AlphaFold (predicted) for PTK2 Gene

IMPROVED

Size:1052 amino acids

Molecular mass:119233 Da

Protein existence level:PE1

Quaternary structure:

• Interacts (via first Pro-rich region) with CAS family members (via SH3 domain), including BCAR1, BCAR3, and CASS4.
  Interacts with NEDD9 (via SH3 domain) (PubMed:9360983).
  Interacts with GIT1.
  Interacts with SORBS1.
  Interacts with ARHGEF28.
  Interacts with SHB.
  Part of a complex composed of THSD1, PTK2/FAK1, TLN1 and VCL (PubMed:29069646).
  Interacts with PXN and TLN1.
  Interacts with STAT1.
  Interacts with DCC.
  Interacts with WASL.
  Interacts with ARHGEF7.
  Interacts with GRB2 and GRB7 (By similarity).
  Component of a complex that contains at least FER, CTTN and PTK2/FAK1.
  Interacts with BMX.
  Interacts with TGFB1I1.
  Interacts with STEAP4.
  Interacts with ZFYVE21.
  Interacts with ESR1.
  Interacts with PIK3R1 or PIK3R2.
  Interacts with SRC, FGR, FLT4 and RET.
  Interacts with EPHA2 in resting cells; activation of EPHA2 recruits PTPN11, leading to dephosphorylation of PTK2/FAK1 and dissociation of the complex.
  Interacts with EPHA1 (kinase activity-dependent).
  Interacts with CD4; this interaction requires the presence of HIV-1 gp120.
  Interacts with PIAS1.
  Interacts with ARHGAP26 and SHC1.
  Interacts with RB1CC1; this inhibits PTK2/FAK1 activity and activation of downstream signaling pathways.
  Interacts with P53/TP53 and MDM2.
  Interacts with LPXN (via LD motif 3).
  Interacts with MISP.
  Interacts with CIB1 isoform 2.
  Interacts with CD36.
  Interacts with EMP2; regulates PTK2 activation and localization (PubMed:19494199).
  Interacts with DSCAM (By similarity).
  Interacts with AMBRA1 (By similarity).
  Interacts (when tyrosine-phosphorylated) with tensin TNS1; the interaction is increased by phosphorylation of TNS1 (PubMed:20798394).

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  AESCULATIN?  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34519055/ Aesculetin, a coumarin compound present in the sancho tree and chicory, exhibits excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in the vascular and immune system. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7505582/figure/fig0010/ Original Article  In silico molecular docking: Evaluation of coumarin based derivatives against SARS-CoV-2 Author links open overlay panel

   

  Chicory: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4423657/
  

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