Best matches for natto,menaquinones:
Optimization of Bacillus subtilis natto growth parameters in glycerol-based medium for vitamin K (Menaquinone-7) production in biofilm reactors.
Mahdinia E et al. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng.
(2018)
Enhancing Menaquinone-7 Production by Bacillus natto R127 Through the Nutritional Factors and Surfactant.
Hu XC et al. Appl Biochem Biotechnol.
(2017)
Effect of biofilm formation by Bacillus subtilis natto on menaquinone-7 biosynthesis.
Berenjian A et al. Mol Biotechnol.
(2013)
1.
Tarvainen M, Fabritius M, Yang B.
Food Chem. 2019 Mar 1;275:515-522. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.136. Epub 2018 Sep 24.
A rapid ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric
pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometric
(UHPLC-APCI-MS/MS) method was developed for the analysis of vitamin K
compounds: phylloquinone (PK) and menaquinones
(MK-n). Non-chlorinated mobile phase composition was optimized for
separation of eight vitamin K compounds on a reversed phase column in
10 min. Sample treatment with liquid and solid phase extractions and by
the use of MK-4 as an internal standard enabled the quantitation of
microgram level of vitamin K compounds in food. The method was used to
screen and quantitate vitamin K from 17 fermented food products. The
highest amount of PK was detected in kimchi (42 µg/100 g), whereas the
highest MK-7 content was detected in natto
(902 µg/100 g). Some MK-9 was present in kefir (5 µg/100 g). Two
Chinese fermented soybean pastes contained significant amount of MK-6
(5-36 µg/100 g), MK-7 (12-86 µg/100 g), and MK-8 (22-44 µg/100 g).
2.
Mahdinia E, Demirci A, Berenjian A.
Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2018;19(11):917-924. doi: 10.2174/1389201020666181126120401.Benefits of vitamin K have been reported by many studies
recently, due to its ability to reduce the risk of cardiovascular
diseases and its potential benefits against osteoporosis. Specifically,
menaquinone-7 (MK-7), being the most potent form of vitamin K, has
definitely received most of the attention. Currently, solid or static
liquid fermentation strategies are utilized for industrial production of
MK-7 by Bacillus strains. However, these strategies face fundamental
operational and scale-up issues as well as intense pellicle and biofilm
formations which is problematic in static liquid fermentation, due to
heat and mass transfer inefficiencies they create.
3.
Mahdinia E, Demirci A, Berenjian A.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2018 Nov;102(21):9147-9157. doi: 10.1007/s00253-018-9340-7. Epub 2018 Sep 14.
7.
Ebrahiminezhad A, Varma V, Yang S, Berenjian A.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2016 Jan;100(1):173-80. doi: 10.1007/s00253-015-6977-3. Epub 2015 Sep 24.
8.
Haraikawa M, Tsugawa N, Sogabe N, Tanabe R, Kawamura Y, Okano T, Hosoi T, Goseki-Sone M.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2013;22(4):646-54. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.2013.22.4.01.
It has been
demonstrated that single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (R325Q,
974G>A) in the gamma-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX) gene is associated
with the bone mineral density (BMD). In the present study, we
investigated the effect of GGCX polymorphism (974G>A) on the
correlations among the vitamin K in-take, level of serum vitamin K, and
ratio of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) to intact osteocalcin (OC)
in healthy young Japanese subjects.
Healthy young adult subjects (n=189) were genotyped for the poly-morphism, and we measured the levels of serum vitamin K, intact OC, ucOC, and dietary nutrient intakes.
Dietary vitamin K intake from vegetables was significantly correlated with the level of serum phylloquinone (PK), and vitamin K intake from fermented beans, natto, was also significantly correlated with the level of serum menaquinone-7 (MK-7). Moreover, the total dietary vitamin K intake showed a significant negative correlation with the ratio of ucOC to intact OC. Interestingly, on grouping by the GGCX genotype, there was a significant interaction between the ratio of ucOC to intact OC with vitamin K intake in homozygotes (GG-type) and heterozygotes (GA-type) (p<0.001). These results suggest that an adequate nutritional strategy is necessary for people with high-risk genotypes (GG- or GA-type).
We demonstrated the effects of SNP (974G>A) in the GGCX gene on the correlation between dietary vitamin K intake and gamma-carboxylation of serum OC. Our data may be useful for planning strategies to prevent osteoporosis.
Free ArticleHealthy young adult subjects (n=189) were genotyped for the poly-morphism, and we measured the levels of serum vitamin K, intact OC, ucOC, and dietary nutrient intakes.
Dietary vitamin K intake from vegetables was significantly correlated with the level of serum phylloquinone (PK), and vitamin K intake from fermented beans, natto, was also significantly correlated with the level of serum menaquinone-7 (MK-7). Moreover, the total dietary vitamin K intake showed a significant negative correlation with the ratio of ucOC to intact OC. Interestingly, on grouping by the GGCX genotype, there was a significant interaction between the ratio of ucOC to intact OC with vitamin K intake in homozygotes (GG-type) and heterozygotes (GA-type) (p<0.001). These results suggest that an adequate nutritional strategy is necessary for people with high-risk genotypes (GG- or GA-type).
We demonstrated the effects of SNP (974G>A) in the GGCX gene on the correlation between dietary vitamin K intake and gamma-carboxylation of serum OC. Our data may be useful for planning strategies to prevent osteoporosis.
9.
Berenjian A, Mahanama R, Talbot A, Regtop H, Kavanagh J, Dehghani F.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2014 Feb;172(3):1347-57. doi: 10.1007/s12010-013-0602-7. Epub 2013 Oct 31.
A nutritional food rich in menaquinone-7 has a potential in preventing
osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases. The static fermentation of
Bacillus subtilis natto
is widely regarded as an optimum process for menaquinone-7 production.
The major issues for the bulk production of menaquinone-7 are the low
fermentation yield, biofilm formation and the use of organic solvents
for the vitamin extraction. In this study, we demonstrate that the
dynamic fermentation involving high stirring and aeration rates enhances
the yield of fermentation process significantly compared to static
system. The menaquinone-7 concentration of 226 mg/L was produced at
1,000 rpm, 5 vvm, 40 °C after 5 days of fermentation. This concentration
is 70-fold higher than commercially available food products such as natto.
Additionally, it was found that more than 80% of menaquinone-7 was
recovered in situ in the vegetable oil that was gradually added to the
system as an anti-foaming agent. The intensification process developed
in this study has a capacity to produce an oil rich in menaquinone-7 in
one step and eliminate the use of organic solvents for recovery of this
compound. This oil can, therefore, be used for the preparation of broad
range of supplementary and dietary food products rich in menaquinone-7
to reduce the risk of osteoporotic fractures and cardiovascular
diseases.
10.
Berenjian A, Chan NL, Mahanama R, Talbot A, Regtop H, Kavanagh J, Dehghani F.
Mol Biotechnol. 2013 Jun;54(2):371-8. doi: 10.1007/s12033-012-9576-x.
12.
Emaus N, Gjesdal CG, Almås B, Christensen M, Grimsgaard AS, Berntsen GK, Salomonsen L, Fønnebø V.
Osteoporos Int. 2010 Oct;21(10):1731-40. doi: 10.1007/s00198-009-1126-4. Epub 2009 Nov 25.
Vitamin K2 may preserve bone strength and reduce
fracture risk. In this randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial
among healthy postmenopausal Norwegian women, 1 year supplementation of
vitamin K2 in the form of Natto capsules had no effect on bone loss rates.
Japanese studies indicate that vitamin K2 (menaquinone-7 (MK-7)) intake may preserve bone strength, but this has not been documented in Europeans. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of MK-7 on bone mineral density (BMD) changes in postmenopausal Norwegian women.
Three hundred thirty-four healthy women between 50 and 60 years, 1-5 years after menopause, were recruited to a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. The participants were randomly assigned into two groups, one receiving 360 microg MK-7 in the form of Natto capsules and the other the same amount of identical-looking placebo capsules containing olive oil. BMD was measured at total hip, femoral neck, lumbar spine and total body at baseline and 12 months together with serum levels of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, Crosslaps, total osteocalcin (N-mid OC), carboxylated (cOC) and under-carboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC).
After 12 months, there were no statistical differences in bone loss rates between the groups at the total hip or any other measurement site. Serum levels of cOC increased and ucOC decreased in the treatment versus the placebo group (p < 0.001).
MK-7 taken as Natto over 1 year reduced serum levels of ucOC but did not influence bone loss rates in early menopausal women.
Japanese studies indicate that vitamin K2 (menaquinone-7 (MK-7)) intake may preserve bone strength, but this has not been documented in Europeans. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of MK-7 on bone mineral density (BMD) changes in postmenopausal Norwegian women.
Three hundred thirty-four healthy women between 50 and 60 years, 1-5 years after menopause, were recruited to a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. The participants were randomly assigned into two groups, one receiving 360 microg MK-7 in the form of Natto capsules and the other the same amount of identical-looking placebo capsules containing olive oil. BMD was measured at total hip, femoral neck, lumbar spine and total body at baseline and 12 months together with serum levels of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, Crosslaps, total osteocalcin (N-mid OC), carboxylated (cOC) and under-carboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC).
After 12 months, there were no statistical differences in bone loss rates between the groups at the total hip or any other measurement site. Serum levels of cOC increased and ucOC decreased in the treatment versus the placebo group (p < 0.001).
MK-7 taken as Natto over 1 year reduced serum levels of ucOC but did not influence bone loss rates in early menopausal women.
13.
Kuwabara A.
Clin Calcium. 2009 Sep;19(9):1362-9. doi: CliCa090913621369. Review. Japanese.
Intervention studies and meta-analyses have shown that vitamin D(3) at
700-800 IU/day decreases the fracture incidence. Higher phylloquinone
(vitamin K(1)) intake or "natto"
intake was associated with lower fracture incidence. In contrast,
current intake of vitamin D and K in Japanese is likely to be
unsatisfactory for preventing fracture. The intake of fish, abundant in
vitamin D(3) is encouraged. Regarding vitamin K, "natto"
intake is strongly recommended, since it contains extraordinary amount
of menaquinone-7. Phylloquinone in green vegetables would be efficiently
absorbed when cooked with oil. Thus Japanese traditional foods seem to be appropriate for bone health.
14.
Kamao M, Suhara Y, Tsugawa N, Uwano M, Yamaguchi N, Uenishi K, Ishida H, Sasaki S, Okano T.
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2007 Dec;53(6):464-70.
Several reports indicate an important role for vitamin K in bone health
as well as blood coagulation. However, the current Adequate Intakes (AI)
might not be sufficient for the maintenance of bone health. To obtain a
closer estimate of dietary intake of phylloquinone (PK) and menaquinones
(MKs), PK, MK-4 and MK-7 contents in food samples (58 food items) were
determined by an improved high-performance liquid chromatography method.
Next, we assessed dietary vitamin K intake in young women living in
eastern Japan using vitamin K contents measured here and the Standard
Tables of Food Composition in Japan. PK was widely distributed in green
vegetables and algae, and high amounts were found in spinach and
broccoli (raw, 498 and 307 microg/100 g wet weight, respectively).
Although MK-4 was widely distributed in animal products, overall MK-4
content was lower than PK. MK-7 was observed characteristically in
fermented soybean products such as natto
(939 microg/100 g). The mean total vitamin K intake of all subjects
(using data from this study and Japanese food composition tables) was
about 230 microg/d and 94% of participants met the AI of vitamin K for
women aged 18-29 y in Japan, 60 microg/d. The contributions of PK, MK-4
and MK-7 to total vitamin K intake were 67.7, 7.3 and 24.9%,
respectively. PK from vegetables and algae and MK-7 from pulses
(including fermented soybean foods) were the major contributors to the total vitamin K intake of young women living in eastern Japan.Free Article
15.
Homma K, Wakana N, Suzuki Y, Nukui M, Daimatsu T, Tanaka E, Tanaka K, Koga Y, Nakajima Y, Nakazawa H.
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2006 Oct;52(5):297-301.
The purpose of this study is to find a method of cooking natto that prevents the appearance of high-plasma vitamin K concentrations after the consumption of natto, so that patients taking warfarin can benefit from eating natto.
Five cooking methods were examined to determine which could most
effectively decrease the count of the living Bacillus subtilis in natto. Volunteers ate natto or treated natto, and their plasma vitamin K level was measured at 5, 8, 24 and 48 h thereafter. One gram of natto
contained 9.7+/-0.1 Log cfu/mL of Bacillus subtilis. Boiling
significantly reduced the Bacillus subtilis count to 5.1+/-0.3 Log
cfu/mL, and concomitantly reduced the content of menaquinone-7 (MK-7),
which is a form of vitamin K synthesized by Bacillus subtilis, from
660.40+/-65.32 ng/mL to 78.50+/- 11.12 ng/mL. Untreated natto
increased the MK-7 concentration in blood from 1.86+/-1.51 ng/mL to
14.54+/-4.12 ng/mL at 5 h after intake, and the MK-7 concentration
remained elevated at 8, 24 and 48 h (7.29+/-2.20, 6.97+/-2.60, and
5.37+/-1.94 ng/mL, respectively). In contrast, boiled natto
increased plasma MK-7 only mildly (from 1.61+/-1.11 to 4.02+/-0.82 ng/
mL at 5 h) and the concentration remained relatively stable up to 48 h
(3.46+/-0.83, 4.22+/-1.51 and 2.77+/-0.75 ng/mL at 8, 24 and 48 h,
respectively). In conclusion, boiled natto
did not cause a marked increase in the plasma concentration of vitamin K
in subjects who consumed it. Thus, patients on warfarin may be able to
eat boiled natto without ill effects.Free Article
16.
Schurgers LJ, Teunissen KJ, Hamulyák K, Knapen MH, Vik H, Vermeer C.
Blood. 2007 Apr 15;109(8):3279-83. Epub 2006 Dec 7.
Vitamin K is a cofactor in the production of blood coagulation factors
(in the liver), osteocalcin (in bone), and matrix Gla protein (cartilage
and vessel wall). Accumulating evidence suggests that for optimal bone
and vascular health, relatively high intakes of vitamin K are required.
The synthetic short-chain vitamin K(1) is commonly used in food
supplements, but recently the natural long-chain menaquinone-7 (MK-7)
has also become available as an over-the-counter (OTC) supplement. The
purpose of this paper was to compare in healthy volunteers the
absorption and efficacy of K(1) and MK-7. Serum vitamin K species were
used as a marker for absorption and osteocalcin carboxylation as a
marker for activity. Both K(1) and MK-7 were absorbed well, with peak
serum concentrations at 4 hours after intake. A major difference between
the 2 vitamin K species is the very long half-life time of MK-7,
resulting in much more stable serum levels, and accumulation of MK-7 to
higher levels (7- to 8-fold) during prolonged intake. MK-7 induced more
complete carboxylation of osteocalcin, and hematologists should be aware
that preparations supplying 50 mug/d or more of MK-7 may interfere with
oral anticoagulant treatment in a clinically relevant way.Free Article
17.
Takemura H.
Clin Calcium. 2006 Oct;16(10):1715-22. Review. Japanese.
In recent years, it has been proven that vitamin K(2) has important
roles not only in blood coagulation but also in bone metabolism. We
developed a Bacillus subtilis (natto) strain with high productivity of vitamin K(2) (Menaquinone-7), and commercialized a natto with reinforced vitamin K(2) by use of the strain. The natto, named "Kinnotsubu honegenki", was granted a health claim based on our clinical studies which demonstrated that intake of the natto stimulated gamma-carboxylation of osteocalcin.
18.
Kaneki M.
Clin Calcium. 2006 Sep;16(9):1526-34. Review. Japanese.
Vitamin K is a nutrient originally identified as an essential factor for
blood coagulation. Recently, vitamin K has emerged as a potential
protector against osteoporosis and hepatocarcinoma. Accumulated evidence
indicates that subclinical non-hemostatic vitamin K deficiency in
extrahepatic tissues, particularly in bone, exists widely in the
otherwise healthy adult population. Both vitamin K(1) and K(2) have been
shown to exert protective effects against osteoporosis. Moreover,
therapeutic potential of vitamin K(2) as an anti-hepatoma drug has been
recently highlighted. Most of the new biological functions of vitamin K
in bone and hepatoma cells are considered to be attributable to
promotion of gamma-carboxylation of glutamic acid residues in vitamin
K-dependent proteins, which is shared by both vitamins K(1) and K(2). In
contrast, vitamin K(2)-specific, gamma-carboxylation-unrelated
functions have also been demonstrated. These functions include
stimulation of steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR)-mediated
transcription and anti-oxidant property. Thus, biological differences
between vitamins K(1) and K(2), and a potential involvement of
gamma-carboxylation-independent actions in the new roles of vitamin K
remain open issues. Molecular bases of coagulation-unrelated pleiotropic
actions of vitamin K and its implications in human health deserve
further investigations.
19.
Katsuyama H, Otsuki T, Tomita M, Fukunaga M, Fukunaga T, Suzuki N, Saijoh K, Fushimi S, Sunami S.
Int J Mol Med. 2005 Feb;15(2):231-6.
Epidemiological studies show that dietary intake of natto,
which contains significant amount of vitamin K(2), reduces the risk of
bone formation loss. However, many confounding factors, such as calcium
and isoflavone, are found in natto,
because it is made from soybeans. In this study, the direct effects of
MK-7, a vitamin K(2) analogue, were assessed in osteoblasts.
Osteoblastic MC3T3E1 cells were cultured with or without MK-7 for 10
days and the number of cells was calculated. The cell count was not
different between MK-7 treated cells and control cells for 1, 2, and 4
days. However, it was significantly suppressed in MK-7 treated cells at
10 days, suggesting that MK-7 suppressed cell proliferation. Real-time
PCR analysis showed that mRNAs of osteocalcin (OC), osteoprotegerin
(OPG), and the receptor activator of the NFkappaB ligand (RANKL) were
induced after MK-7 administration to the culture medium. RANK mRNA
expression was also enhanced by MK-7 administration. Immunocytochemical
analysis showed that MK-7 increased the protein levels of OC and RANKL.
RANK protein was also enhanced, but this induction was suppressed by
anti-RANK antibody administration. This suppression was recovered when
anti-RANK antibody and MK-7 were administered. These observations
suggest that MK-7 may directly affect MC3T3E1 cells and stimulate
osteoblastic differentiation, not proliferation.
20.
Tsukamoto Y.
Biofactors. 2004;22(1-4):5-19.
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